The World Health Organization (WHO) has released the 24th Model List of Essential Medicines (EML) and the 10th Essential Medicines for Children (EMLc) in 2025, adding crucial treatments for cancer, diabetes, obesity, and rare diseases. These lists, guiding over 150 countries, are central to shaping global healthcare policies and improving access to life-saving drugs.

Key Highlights

• New Additions: 20 medicines added to the EML and 15 to the EMLc, raising the totals to 523 adult medicines and 374 for children.
• Cancer Medicines: Immune checkpoint inhibitors like pembrolizumab, atezolizumab, and cemiplimab included for metastatic cancers, with emphasis on affordability through dose optimisation.
• Diabetes & Obesity Treatments: GLP-1 receptor agonists (semaglutide, dulaglutide, liraglutide) and tirzepatide added for type 2 diabetes and obesity management.
• Other Diseases: Additions cover cystic fibrosis, haemophilia, blood disorders, and psoriasis.

Significance

Launched in 1977, the WHO Essential Medicines List ensures countries prioritise medicines for public health needs, procurement, and insurance coverage. The 2025 update reflects global challenges, especially the rising burden of cancer, obesity, and diabetes.

Challenges Ahead

Despite progress, high medicine costs and inequitable access remain barriers. WHO has called for stronger political commitment, generic competition, and primary healthcare integration to ensure affordability and availability worldwide.

The next update will be overseen by the 25th Expert Committee, ensuring the lists remain aligned with evolving health priorities.