In a historic step toward global water diplomacy, Bangladesh has officially acceded to the UN Water Convention in 2025, becoming the first South Asian country to do so. The move marks a turning point in the region’s approach to transboundary water governance and could influence future water-sharing relations, particularly with India.
The UN Water Convention, adopted in 1992 in Helsinki and in force since 1996 under the UNECE, provides a legally binding framework for equitable and sustainable management of shared water resources. Open to all UN members since 2016, it aims to prevent water-related conflicts and foster cooperation among countries sharing transboundary rivers, lakes, and aquifers.
Bangladesh’s decision reflects growing concerns over water security. The country shares 54 rivers with India, including major ones like the Ganga and Teesta, vital for agriculture and livelihoods. With long-pending water-sharing agreements and rising upstream withdrawals, Dhaka’s move to join the Convention ensures access to international legal mechanisms for cooperation and dispute resolution.
While Bangladesh embraces multilateral engagement, India remains outside the Convention, continuing to favor bilateral water treaties such as the Indus Waters Treaty (1960) and Ganga Water Sharing Treaty (1996). Analysts suggest that Bangladesh’s accession could encourage broader regional dialogue on transboundary water governance amid rising climate and resource pressures.
