In 2025, Saudi Arabia and Pakistan formalized a Strategic Mutual Defence Agreement, declaring that an attack on one will be treated as an attack on both. This unprecedented pact comes amid rising military and diplomatic tensions in South Asia and evolving alliances in West Asia, sparking concern in New Delhi, given India’s ongoing conflict with Pakistan.
Background and Timing
The agreement was signed shortly after a major terror attack in Jammu & Kashmir in April 2025, which triggered military escalation between India and Pakistan. India’s attempt to globally isolate Pakistan received limited traction, while the new pact bolsters Pakistan’s diplomatic and strategic standing.
West Asian Realignment
The deal also highlights Saudi Arabia’s broader strategic shift towards multipolarity, reducing reliance on traditional Western alliances. Riyadh views Pakistan’s nuclear capabilities and military experience as valuable, particularly amid ongoing conflicts in Yemen and rising tensions with Iran.
Historical and Strategic Context
Despite strained ties in the past—particularly in 2015 when Pakistan refused to support Saudi operations in Yemen—the two countries share deep religious, ideological, and military links. The pact reaffirms and deepens their partnership amid changing global power dynamics.
Implications for India
The agreement presents a challenge to India’s regional strategy, undermining its efforts to isolate Pakistan and exposing the limits of its influence in West Asia. Experts suggest India must adopt a more assertive and flexible foreign policy to safeguard its strategic interests in a rapidly evolving geopolitical environment.
