Scientists from CSIR-National Geophysical Research Institute have identified an ancient underground river channel beneath the Prayagraj–Kanpur region in Uttar Pradesh. The buried river system, known as a palaeo-channel, is believed to be nearly 200 kilometres long and lies around 10 to 15 metres below the surface.
Researchers used advanced airborne geophysical surveys along with drilling operations at multiple locations including Prayagraj, Sirathu, Fatehpur, and Kanpur to confirm the existence of the ancient river course. The study found sandy deposits typically associated with old riverbeds, indicating that a major river once flowed through the region thousands of years ago.
Scientists said the buried channel still contains significant groundwater reserves and may hold nearly 3,500 to 4,000 million cubic metres of water. The discovery is considered important for groundwater conservation, aquifer recharge, and long-term water management strategies in northern India.
The palaeo-channel has also drawn attention because of its possible connection to traditional references associated with the Saraswati River near the Triveni Sangam at Prayagraj. However, researchers clarified that more geological evidence is required before linking the channel directly to the ancient Saraswati River.
Experts believe the discovery could help improve groundwater sustainability and support future water recharge projects across water-stressed regions of Uttar Pradesh.
